CLASS Xth SCIENCE CHAPTER 03 METAL'S AND NON-METALS

CLASS Xth SCIENCE

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        Chapter 03

MENTALS AND NON METAL'S

Elements are classified broadly into two categories 

on the basis of properties:

Metals: Iron, Zinc, Copper, Aluminium etc. 

Non – metals: Chlorine, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur etc. 

Apart from metals and non-metals some elements show properties of both metals and non – metals, 
e.g. Silicon, Arsenic, Germanium .They are called metalloids 

Comparison of physical and chemical properties of metals and non – metals:- 

Property Metals Non-Metals 
1 Physical 
State  Metalsare solid at room .temperatur Except 
mercury and gallium. 
Non-metals generally 
exist as solids and 
gases, except Bromin 

2 Melting and 
boiling 
points
Metals generally have 
high m.pt and b.pt 
except gallium and 
cesium. 

Non-metals have low 
m.pt and b.pt except 
diamond and graphite. 

3 Density Generally high. Generally low. 

4 Malleability 
and 
Ductility 
Malleable and ductile. Neither malleable nor 
ductile. 

5 Electrical 
and thermal 
conductivity 
Good conductors of heat 
and electricity. 

Generally poor 
conductors of heat and 
electricity except 
graphite. 

6 Luster Poses shining luster. Do not have luster 
except iodine. 

7 Sonorous 
sound 
Give sonorous sound 
when struck. 
Does not give 
sonorous sound. 

8 Hardness Generally hard except 
Na, K 
Solid non-metals are 
generally soft except 

diamond.

Comparison of Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals:- 

1 Reaction 
with 
Oxygen

Metal + Oxygen Metal 
oxide 
4Na(s) + O2(g) 
2Na2O(s) 
4Al(s) + 3O2(g)  2Al2O3

Metals form basic oxides 
Zn and Al form amphoteric 
oxides (they show the 
properties of both acidic 
and basic oxides) 

Most of the metal oxides 
are insoluble in water 
Some of them dissolve to 
form Alkali 
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) 
2NaOH(aq)

Non-metal + Oxygen 
Non-metal oxide 
C + O2  CO2
S + O2  SO2

Non-metals form acidic 
oxides 
CO and H2O are neutral 
oxides(they are neither 
acidic nor basic in 
nature) 

Non-
metal oxides are soluble 
in water 

They dissolve in water to 
form acids 
SO2 + H2O  H2SO3

2 Reaction 
with water
Metals react with water to 
form metal oxides or metal 
hydroxide and H2 gas is 
released. 
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 
2NaOH + 
 H2(g) 
+ heat

Non-metals do not react 
with water, steam to 
evolve hydrogen gas. 
Because Non-metals 
cannot give electrons to 
hydrogen in water so that 
it can be released as H2
gas. 


3 Reaction 
with dilute 
Acids
Metal + Acid  Metal salt 
+ Hydrogen 
HCl 
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) 
MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) 
H2SO4 
2Na(s) + H2SO4 
Na2SO4(aq) +H2(g) 
HNO3 

Metal + HNO3  H2 gas is 
not displaced. 

Reason- HNO3 is strong 
oxidizing agent.

Non-metals do not react 
with acids to release H2
gas Reason-

Non-metals cannot loose 
electrons and give it to 
Hydrogen ions of acids 
so that the gas is 
released. 
Mn + 2HNO3 
Mn(NO3)2 + H2 
H2 gas from HNO3


4 Reaction 
with salt 
solutions 

When metals react with salt 
solution, more reactive 
metal will displace a less 
reactive metal from its salt 
solution. CuSO4(aq) 
+ Zn(s)  ZnSO4(aq) + 
Cu(s) 

When non-metals react 
with salt solution, more 
reactive non-metal will 
displace a less reactive 
non-metal from its salt 
solution. 
2NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 
2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq) 


5 Reaction Metal + Chlorine  Metal Non-metal + Chlorine 

Properties of ionic compounds 

1. Physical nature:solid and hard due to strong force of attraction. (generally brittle)

2. Melting point and boiling point:have high M.P and B.P, as large amount of heat energy is 
required to break strong ionic attraction.

3. Solubility: soluble in water and insoluble in kerosene and pertrol.

4. Conduction of electricity:ionic compounds in solid state-----does not conduct electricity.

Reason—Ions can not move due to rigid solid structure. Ionic compounds conduct electricity 
in molten state. 

Reason-- Ions can move freely since the electrostatic forces of attraction between the 

oppositely charged ions are overcome due to heat.

Class Xth Science chapter 03 metal and non metal pdf are here....

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