CLASS Xth SOCIAL SCIENCE
Revision Notes for Class 10 Social Science. After notes we have also provided important questions form that topics. You can practice the questions and check your answers from the solutions given after question questions. One test is also there for your practice.
Class 10 Social Notes are divided into four parts i.e. Economics, Geography, History and Political Science. You can check all them from here.you learn about the class Xth education.....
Chapter 01
THE RISE OF NATIONALIS IN EUROPE
{History}
1. In the 18th century Germany, Italy, Switzerland were divided into many states and each had an independent ruler.
2 experiment in liberal democracy, the right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to property owning men. Men without property and all women were excluded from political rights. Only for a brief period under the Jacobins did all adult males enjoy right to vote however ‘The Napoleonic code’ went back to limited suffrage and reduced women to the status of a minor , subject to the authority of father’s and husband's.
5. Vienna Congress in 1815: representatives of the European powers -Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria - who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian chancellor Duke Metternich.
6. In January 1871, the Prussian king, William |, was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.
7. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel Il was proclaimed king of united Italy.
8. Women had form their own political associations, founded newspapers and taking part in political meeting and demonstrations. Despite this they were denied suffrage right during the election of the assembly.
Important terms
1. Absolutist - Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised. in history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralised, militarised and repressive.
2. Utopian - A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually ¥ exist. 2
३ Plebiscite -A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to 8 acceptor reject a proposal.
4. Conservatism -A political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, established institutions and customs, and preferred gradual development to quick change.
5. Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German States. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduce the number of currencies from over thirty to two.
6. Romanticism - A cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of Nationalist sentiment.
7. Liberalism derived from the Latin root liber meaning free.
8. Junkers -Important personalities and Large landowners of Prussia.
Important Personalities
1 Mazzini - Mazzini is known for his noble efforts to achieve the unificatitaly. he is regarded as the spiritual force behind the Italian unification. He started the movement known as the Young Italy. He inspired the youths of not only Italy but of whole Europe to fight for freedom.
2. Garibaldi - He is known as the physical force or the Sword of Italy. He, with Mazzini launched the young Italy movement for the unification of Italy. He involved The Sardinian sailors to Revolt in 1835A.D.
3. Cavour- The real credit for the unification of Italy goes to Cavour, who became the Prime Minister of Sardinia in 1852 A.D. He, then dedicated himself, his body and soul together, to achieve his goal of independence and unification of Italy.
4. Bismarck - He played the most important role in the unification of Germany, his policy of blood and iron was mainly responsible.
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